The Canadian Style
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Index
- + Abbreviations, 1.01-25 3
- Aboriginal, 4.11, 14.12
- Absolute constructions, 7.14(b)
- Abstract, of a report, 11.07
- + Acronyms and initialisms, 1.16 81
- + Acts of Parliament 98
- + Addresses 107
- + Adjectival expressions 121
- Agenda, 11.23-24
- Age, numbers used for, 5.15
- + Aircraft, names of 135
- Allophone, 4.11
- Alternate, alternative, 12.03
- + Ampersand, 1.18 150
- + Annunciatory expressions 152
- Any, every, no and some, compounds formed with, 2.08
- + Apostrophe, 7.56-64 164
- Appositives, use of comma with, 7.14(d)
- + Articles (a, an, the) 192
- As far as, 12.03
- Assure, ensure, insure, 12.03
- Astronomical terms, 4.23
- + Awards 210
- Biannual, biennial, 12.03
- Bible, references to books of, 4.19(e), 5.22
- + Bibliographies, 9.02-17 225
- Billion, use of, 5.26
- Black, 14.10-12
- + Books 278
- Braces, 7.38-39
- + Brackets, 7.36-37 300
- British v. U.S. spellings, 3.01
- Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, 15.02-03
- + Capitalization, 4.01-38 325
- + Churches 435
- Cite, quote, 12.03
- + Colon, 7.25-28 447
- + Comma, 7.13-21 478
- + Compass points 534
- + Complimentary close, 10.20 538
- + Compounds, 2.01-17 546
- + Compound sentences 591
- Comprise, 12.03
- + Content notes, 601
- + Contractions, use of apostrophe with, 7.63 607
- Co-ordinate adjectives, use of comma with, 7.15(c)
- + Co-ordinate elements 613
- Copyrighted names, capitalization of, 4.27
- + Corporate names 623
- + Correspondence 632
- Council, counsel, 12.03
- + Court decisions 638
- Courts, in bibliographic entries, 9.09(e)
- + Cross-references 644
- + Cultural periods, movements and styles 646
- Currencies, 5.09, 5.11, 5.26
- + Dash, 7.40-49 660
- + Dates, 5.14 689
- + Days of the week 704
- + Decimals, 5.09 708
- + Decorations 712
- + Definite article 716
- + Degrees, honours, awards, etc. 718
- Degree symbol, 5.10(d)
- + Diagonal 733
- + Dictionaries 735
- + Documents 745
- Dollar sign, 5.11, 5.26
- + Editing 756
- Effective, efficient, 12.03
- Electronic documents, 9.07, 9.16(d)
- + Electronic mail, 10.29-33 770
- + Ellipsis points, 7.05, 8.09 777
- Elliptical constructions, punctuation of, 7.17, 7.22
- Emigrate, immigrate, 12.03
- + Emphasis 791
- + Endnotes 799
- Equally, 12.03
- Et al.., 9.09(c)
- Exclamation mark, 7.11-12
- + Family appellations 813
- Federal Identity Program Manual, 5.13-14, 10.02 (footnote), 10.14
- Fewer, lesser, less, 12.03
- + Figures 831
- Financial, fiscal, 12.03
- Floor (in addresses), 5.21
- Footnote indicator, 9.18, 9.23
- + Footnotes and endnotes. 847
- + Foreign names 849
- + Foreign words and phrases 851
- For example, use of comma with, 7.14(e)
- Former, latter, 12.03
- + Forms of address 865
- Fractions, hyphenation of, 2.11, 5.08
- French definite article, 4.37, 17.04
- + French names 879
- + French typographical rules, 17.01-07 883
- Gender, sex, 12.03
- + Generic terms 899
- + Geographical names, 15.01-16 914
- Goods, good, 12.03
- + Governments and government bodies 938
- + Graphs 949
- + Headings and subheadings, 11.16, 11.20 954
- + Historical periods and events 964
- Holidays, names of capitalized, 4.17
- + Homonyms 976
- + Honourable 982
- + Honours 988
- + Hyphen, 7.50-51 993
- + Hyphenation 1008
- I.e., e.g., etc., 12.03
- Imperial system of measures, abbreviations for, 1.24
- Imply, infer , 12.03
- + Indention 1022
- + Indexes, 9.30-55 1036
- Indirect questions, 7.10
- Indirect speech, 8.04, 11.26
- + Initialisms 1082
- + Institutional names 1084
- + International System of Units 1093
- In-text notes, 8.03(g), 8.06, 9.18, 9.25
- Inuk, 4.11, 14.12
- Irregardless, 12.03
- + Italics, 6.01-12 1117
- Its, it’s, 7.62, 12.03
- Justification of margins in letters and memorandums, 10.04
- Languages, subjects and courses, names of capitalized, 4.11-12
- + Latin terms 1174
- Latitude and longitude, 1.11
- Lay, lie, 12.03
- Leaders, 7.06, 16.07(c)
- + Leading 1195
- Lead, led, 12.03
- + Legal references 1201
- Letterheads, 10.09
- + Letters 1225
- + Letters (correspondence), 10.01-26 1240
- + Lists, 7.65-70 1278
- Locator, 9.30, 9.35-36
- + Lower case 1302
- + Margins 1304
- Market quotations, 5.16
- Matériel, 12.03
- Mathematical formulas, 11.21
- + Measurements 1322
- + Medical terms 1324
- Memorandums, 10.27-28
- + Metric system 1330
- + Military ranks and units 1332
- + Minority groups 1340
- + Minutes (of a meeting), 11.22-27 1344
- Monetary units, symbols for, 1.19, 5.11, 5.26
- + Money 1362
- + Months and days 1364
- Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, 1.03(b), 1.04, 1.06, 10.17, 14.02
- + Musical compositions 1382
- + Names of persons 1384
- + Newspapers and periodicals 1395
- No., Nos., 1.17
- Non-restrictive clauses, use of comma with, 7.14
- Northern, southern, etc. capitalization of, 4.21(e)
- + Number 1420
- + Numerals 1426
- + Numerical expressions, 5.01-26 1430
- Nunavut, 1.09 (note)
- + Oblique, 7.52-55 1514
- + Official languages, in addresses, 10.14 1531
- + Omissions, in quoted matter, 8.09 1535
- Page references, 1.12, 4.30(a), 4.30(b), 5.22, 5.24(b), 5.24(c), 7.48, 9.35
- + Paintings 1555
- + Parentheses, 7.29-35 1559
- Parenthetic expressions, use of comma with, 7.14(c)
- + Parts of a book, poem, play, etc. 1580
- People with disabilities, stereotyping of, 14.13-15
- Percent, abbreviated, 1.17
- + Period, 7.03-08 1606
- + Periodicals 1620
- Periods, geological, historical, 4.17
- Peripheral matter, use of italics for, 6.09
- + Personifications 1630
- PIN, 1.16
- + Place names 1640
- + Plain language, 13.01-07, 16.05(b) 1645
- + Planets 1659
- + Plays 1661
- + Plurals 1669
- + Poems, line references to, 1.12, 4.30 1685
- + Points of the compass 1688
- Possessives, use of apostrophe to form, 7.56-61
- Precedence, order of, 1.08
- + Prefixes 1710
- Prepositional usage, 12.02
- Principal, principle, 12.03
- Pronouns, avoiding sexual identification in use of, 14.04
- Proofreader’s marks, 16.07
- + Proper nouns 1734
- Proper nouns used adjectivally, 4.04
- + Provinces 1740
- Pseudonyms, 9.09(f)
- + Punctuation 1746
- Quebecker, 3.13
- Question mark, 7.09-10
- + Quotation marks, 8.01-15 1758
- + Quotations, 8.01-15 1782
- Quote, cite, 12.03
- + Races, languages and peoples 1819
- + Racial and ethnic stereotyping, 14.09-12 1825
- Ratios, 5.07
- + Reference matter 1833
- + Reference notes, 9.18-29 1837
- Relation, relationship, 12.03
- Religions, religious references, 4.17-20, 5.18(d), 5.19
- + Reports and minutes, 11.01-27 1892
- Reserve (Indian), 12.03, 15.14 (reserve)
- Responsible, 12.03
- Restrictive clauses, use of comma with, 7.14
- + Revision and proofreading, 16.01-07 1935
- Roman numerals, 5.22, 5.25, 11.16, 11.19
- Roman numerals used with, 5.25
- + Royalty 1959
- Saints’ names, listing in indexes, 9.45
- Saint, used with personal names, 1.06
- + Salutation (in correspondence), 10.17 1975
- Sanction, 12.03
- + Scientific and technical terms 1986
- Scientific periodicals, in reference matter, 9.08(c)
- + Scores 2007
- Seasons, capitalization of names of, 4.17
- Section of a law, 4.30(c), 5.22
- See, See also, etc., 6.09
- + Semicolon, 7.22-24 2025
- Set, sit, 12.03
- + Sexist language 2047
- + Sexual stereotyping, elimination of, 14.02-08 2051
- + Ships, aircraft, automobiles, etc., names of 2059
- Sic, use in quotations, 8.10
- + Signatures 2069
- + SI/metric system 2075
- SIN, 1.04, 1.16
- Slang, use of quotation marks for, 8.12
- + Slash 2114
- + Social insurance number 2116
- + Spacing 2118
- Spell checking, 3.02
- + Spelling, 3.01-17 2135
- + Square brackets 2171
- Stage directions, use of italics for, 6.09
- State, 4.21(c)
- + Statistics 2181
- + Statutes, 5.25, 9.28 2186
- + Stereotyping in written communications avoidance of, 14.01-15 2190
- + Streets, buildings, monuments and public places 2210
- + Suffixes 2218
- + Suspension points 2224
- + Symbols 2226
- - Tables and graphs 2239
- + Technical terms 2246
- Tendency, trend, 12.03
- That is, use of comma with, 7.14(e)
- The, capitalization of, 4.37
- + Time 2260
- + Titles of courtesy 2281
- + Titles of office or position 2289
- + Titles of organizations 2301
- + Titles of publications, works of art, etc. 2303
- + Toponyms 2322
- Trade names, capitalization of, 4.27
- + Translation 2328
- + Treasury Board 2343
- Trillion, use of, 5.26
- + Units of measurement 2353
- + Upper case 2367
- Usages, 12.01-03
- + Vertical lists 2373
- + Virgule 2375
- Vocative expressions, use of comma with, 7.14(f)
- Votes and scores, 5.17
- + Weights and measures 2385
- Who’s, whose, 12.03
- Word division, 2.17
- + Words commonly misused or confused, 12.03 2397
- + Words, used as such 2399
- Would (misused), 12.03
- + Year, symbol for, 1.23 (Table 4) 2413
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11.15 Tables and graphs
If you are conveying two or three short pieces of statistical information, incorporate them into a sentence in the text. Show more extensive information in the form of a table or, in order to highlight relationships and trends, in the form of a chart, graph or diagram. Significant aspects of the tables or charts should be interpreted in the text. Create tables and charts using the appropriate functions in your word-processing or spreadsheet program, and insert them as soon as possible after the paragraphs in which they are mentioned.
Follow these guidelines on form and content:
- Limit the amount of data in graphs and tables to essentials.
- Keep the display simple, with clear and concise headings (column heads) at the top of each column.
- If symbols are being used, place them at the head of each column.
- Singular forms are preferred in the column heads, e.g. Country of origin, Currency.
- Currency symbols can be placed before the first entry of each column, but do not repeat unit designations.
- With large sums, space can be saved by placing a notation such as
(in thousands)
or
($000)
directly beneath the column head. - Explain abbreviations in the reference notes.
- Be consistent in the use of capitalization, fonts, italics and spacing in tables and charts.
- Make sure that bar and pie charts are visually accurate and that tables add up.
- Place footnotes for tables immediately below the graphic presentation and indicate them with a superscript number, letter or symbol (see 9.23 Footnotes).
- Give a source reference at the end of the table, where appropriate.
Consult Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers1 for further information on tables, graphs and illustrations.
_____________________
- 1 Council of Biology Editors, Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, pp. 677–99.
The model table below illustrates many of the recommendations made in this section:
Table A
Foreign Currencies: Codes and Values
| Country | Currency | Code2 | Value (C$)3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | dollar | AUD | $1.0774 |
| Austria | schilling | ATS | 0.1356 |
| Belgium | franc | BEF | 0.0464 |
| Brazil | real4 | BRC | 1.4871 |
| France | franc | FRF | 0.2796 |
| Germany | mark | DEM | 0.9542 |
| Greece | drachma | GRD | 1.0060 |
| Italy | lira | ITL | 0.0009 |
| Japan | yen | JPY | 0.0134 |
| Mexico | peso | MXP | 0.2048 |
| Netherlands | guilder | NLG | 0.8537 |
| Spain | peseta | ESP | 0.0114 |
| Switzerland | franc | CHF | 1.1729 |
| United Kingdom | pound | GBP | 2.1356 |
| United States | dollar | USD | 1.3905 |
- 2 Source: International Standard ISO 4217.
- 3 Source: Bank of Montreal, March 6, 1996.
- 4 Official/restricted rate.
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