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born, borne

Born is the past participle of the verb bear, meaning “to give birth.”

  • The baby was born at 1:21 a.m.

Borne is the past participle of the verb bear in all senses not related to birth. In most contexts, it has the meaning “carried.”

  • Indigenous societies had a spiritual connection with the land that was borne out in their creation stories and traditions.
  • Food-borne infections caused by resistant bacteria pose a risk to humans.
  • The small boat was borne along by the current.

When used with the helping verb have, borne can also mean “produced” or “brought about.”

  • Our efforts have borne fruit.