Writing Tips has been archived and won’t be updated before it is permanently deleted.
For the most up-to-date content, please consult Writing Tips Plus, which combines content from Writing Tips and The Canadian Style. And don’t forget to update your bookmarks!
Most authorities recommend avoiding the expression and/or.
When used with only two options, and/or means that the possible choices include either one or the other of the two options, or both of them together (either A or B, or both).
However, and/or is unclear when used with three or more options. In addition, its use in legal writing has created serious problems in interpretation. Many also find it unattractive. For these reasons, we recommend that you avoid it by using one of the methods below.
Most situations can be expressed using and or or separately.
When both meanings are necessary, write or between the two choices, followed by the phrase or both.
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2024
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
Writing tools – Writing Tips
A product of the Translation Bureau