Writing Tips has been archived and won’t be updated before it is permanently deleted.
For the most up-to-date content, please consult Writing Tips Plus, which combines content from Writing Tips and The Canadian Style. And don’t forget to update your bookmarks!
Both Croat and Croatian refer to the language and people of Croatia; Serbian refers to the language of Serbia, while Serb designates the people.
In the former Yugoslavia, Croatian and Serbian were considered one language, called Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat.
Today, largely because of the connection between language and national identity, there has been an effort to have Serbian and Croatian recognized as separate languages.
There certainly is some basis for this position. There are certain differences between the two languages in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. Moreover, they have separate writing systems: Serbian uses both the Cyrillic and the Roman alphabets, while Croatian uses the Roman alphabet exclusively. Deliberate changes have increased the differences: for example, there has been an effort in Croatian to replace foreign words with new words based on Croatian roots.
However, the two languages remain mutually intelligible, with only minor dialectical variations. For that reason, linguists (who focus on the spoken language) usually refer to the two languages, together with Bosnian, under the single name Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian, or BCS.
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2024
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
Writing tools – Writing Tips
A product of the Translation Bureau