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For the most up-to-date content, please consult Writing Tips Plus, which combines content from Writing Tips and The Canadian Style. And don’t forget to update your bookmarks!
Abbreviations can help make your footnotes, endnotes and bibliographic entries more concise.
For lists of relevant abbreviations, see International Standard ISO 832, Documentation—Bibliographical References—Abbreviations of Typical Words, as well as the latest edition of the MLA Handbook.
Guidelines for the creation of title abbreviations for serial and non-serial publications are provided in International Standard ISO 4-1984, Documentation—Rules for the Abbreviation of Title Words and Titles of Publications.
Extensive lists of abbreviations for words commonly found in scientific periodical titles can be found in the World List of Scientific Periodicals, and for the social sciences, in the World List of Social Science Periodicals.
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